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Why Testing Your Omega-3 Levels Beats Guesswork

Why Testing Your Omega-3 Levels Beats Guesswork When it comes to supplements, most of the market tends to overpromise and underdeliver. At Spartan, we take a different approach. We only recommend supplements when the benefits are clear, the dosing is measurable, and the results can be tracked. Omega-3 fatty acids are a prime example. Decades […]

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Hormone Imbalance and Sleep Disorders: Restoring Restful Sleep

Hormone Imbalance and Sleep Disorders: Restoring Restful Sleep Restful sleep is crucial for your health and well-being. More than just maintaining our energy levels, sleep regulates our hormones, which control everything from mood and metabolism to reproductive health. Still, it can be challenging to prioritize a good night’s rest in our fast-paced world. In fact,

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How Long Until I See Results? Timing and Expectations of TRT

The what and why of TRT? Testosterone replacement therapy, TRT, is the art of replacing low or suboptimal testosterone levels, replenished back to normal levels that you had when you were a younger man. Men with low or suboptimal testosterone levels can experience a variety of quality-of-life-altering symptoms, such as fatigue, low energy, low motivation,

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What are the Differences Between Bioidentical and Synthetic Hormone Repalcement Therapy

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been available for both men and women for many decades, evolving significantly over time. The concept behind HRT is that as humans age, hormone production naturally declines. This not only leads to uncomfortable symptoms but also increases susceptibility to age-related diseases.  There are notable differences between men and women in

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FDA Reevaluates Estrogen Black Box Warning: A Milestone for Menopausal Health?

On July 17, 2025, the FDA convened a panel of experts to reevaluate the role of estrogen in menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Physicians and researchers gathered to discuss the latest evidence around the safety and efficacy of estrogen therapy—especially in light of long-standing concerns that have shaped treatment decisions for over two decades. One possible—and

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Measles is Back – Are you Immune?

Recent outbreaks of measles have been reported across the country, reminding us how contagious and dangerous this virus can be. Measles is not a mild childhood illness—it can cause serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, especially in vulnerable populations. Why It Matters: How to Protect Yourself:The best defense against measles is vaccination. But

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Debunking Myths About Hormone Replacement Therapy: What You Need to Know

Debunking Myths About Hormone Replacement Therapy: What You Need to Know Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used since the 1940s when the FDA approved the marketing of estrogen to treat postmenopausal symptoms. The HRT market has fluctuated over time and has recently experienced a resurgence. The global HRT market is expected to see substantial growth by 2030,

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Frequently Asked Questions about Semaglutide

Frequently Asked Questions about Semaglutide and Weight Loss In weight management, Semaglutide represents a significant advancement, offering hope to those struggling with obesity or Type 2 Diabetes. Recognized for its dual role in diabetes care and weight reduction, Semaglutide operates on three pivotal fronts: it boosts insulin secretion, curtails appetite, and decelerates gastric emptying. We

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Understanding Semaglutide for Weight Management

Initially developed to treat type 2 diabetes, Semaglutide has recently gained attention for its weight management potential. This medication, functioning as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, effectively mimics the hormones that play a key role in regulating hunger and caloric consumption. The FDA’s approval of semaglutide for weight loss came on the heels of

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Understanding Semaglutide and its Role in Weight Loss

Semaglutide has emerged as a significant player in the landscape of weight loss treatments. Developed initially to manage type 2 diabetes, this medication has garnered attention for its effectiveness in helping individuals shed excess pounds. As obesity rates continue to rise globally, the quest for safe and effective weight loss solutions has become a priority

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Could Exercise Be the Secret to a Healthy Gut Microbiome?

The gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microbes – collectively known as the gut microbiota – that play essential roles in physiology and health. More recently, the scientific community has begun paying more attention to the human gut as a complex ecosystem of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses with robust connections to the rest of the

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Longevity and Alcohol: Exploring The Complex Connection

Even though drinking alcohol is common among the population, current research has not provided a definitive answer as to the health benefits and consequences of drinking alcohol. On the one hand, drinking alcohol has been repeatedly discussed in scientific papers as protective against certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, and light-to-moderate alcohol intake has even

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National Nutrition Month: 5 Myths about Fasting and Fasting Diets, Debunked

Fasting diets have witnessed a surge in popularity in recent years due partly to celebrity endorsement, increased awareness of fasting benefits, and a growing body of research that supports this dietary intervention. These nutritional protocols come in many variations, including 5:2 – during which five days of unrestricted eating are followed by two days of

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5 Surprising Menopause Symptoms — According To Dr. Felice Gersh

While menopause is predominately considered to impact the reproductive system with hormonal fluctuations causing hot flashes, night sweats, and other undesirable symptoms, it is a whole-body transition that involves many different systems. As a result, many women may not be aware that their symptoms are tied to endocrine imbalances, leaving them overlooked and untreated. “This

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Breakthrough Research Finds Meal Timing Is Key To Longevity

Plant-based diets have long been the focal point of longevity research as they have proven to stave off chronic disease, improve biological markers of aging, and aid in weight management, among many other benefits. Current dietary interventions primarily encourage the consumption of plant-based foods and the elimination of processed ingredients. However, emerging research suggests that

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Exercise for Longevity: Aerobic Activity or Strength Training?

More than just a vital component of maintaining optimal health, regular physical exercise is one of the most impactful lifestyle interventions for longevity. Compared to being inactive, studies have found that exercising can reduce all-cause mortality by up to 30%. Experts have deemed the benefits of transitioning from a sedentary lifestyle to an active exercise

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The Role of Hormones in Immunocompetence

The growing importance of hormonal health is becoming an integral component of modern medicine especially as the focus shifts toward maintaining and boosting immunocompetence in the population. Many plausible benefits of hormonal factors on autoimmunity have received growing attention in recent years from the scientific community. Research has been conducted investigating the relationship between immune

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The Connection between Hormones and Eating Habits

While there are over 200 hormones in the body – estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, insulin, leptin, and thyroid hormones are the most commonly known and closely linked to metabolism, fertility, mood, and other vital functions. Changes in hormone production, such as under- or over-production, or interferences in signaling pathways contribute to the development of hormonal imbalances,

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Healthy Aging Myths: Physical Deterioration and Impairment are Inevitable

As a result of incredible technological and scientific advances, human life expectancy has now doubled. According to data from the World Health Organization, the proportion of the world’s population over the age of 60 is expected to double from 11% to around 22% by the year 2050. With an increasing aging population at hand, it

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16 Signs of Low Estrogen

What Are The Signs of Low Estrogen? As one of the two most abundant hormones produced by women, estrogen is responsible for influencing a broad range of physiological processes. Most notably, estrogen is responsible for reproductive health and feminine features. Men, too, have estrogen, albeit in much smaller concentrations.  For both men and women, low

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The Health Dangers of Low Testosterone

Is Having Low Testosterone Dangerous? Testosterone is the male sex hormone produced primarily by the testes. Testosterone plays a vital role in the physical development of those characteristics that make men “men”. From athletic builds to facial hair and deeper voices, the influence of testosterone can be easily identified.  Aside from physical characteristics, testosterone impacts

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Understanding Hypogonadism: Causes & Symptoms of Low T

What is Hypogonadism? According to Boston University School of Medicine, low testosterone (also known as “low T”) impacts between 4-5 million adult men in the United States alone. Male hypogonadism, the scientific name for low T, is a medical condition in which the testicles fail to produce adequate testosterone.  Although testosterone is often glamorized for

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Low Testosterone and Coronavirus

Low Testosterone, a Risk Factor for Bad Outcome with Coronavirus in Males Sex hormones, such as testosterone, estrogen and progesterone are the bodies endogenous anti-inflammatories steroids.  Deficient hormone levels can predispose us to inflammation and cytokine storm which is one of the most devastating endgame processes of the immune system’s response to coronavirus causing, fulminant

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Fasting and autophagy

How to renew your body: Fasting and autophagy Yoshinori Ohsumi On October 3rd, the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy. But what is autophagy? The word derives from the Greek auto (self) and phagein (to eat). So

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Lipids Summary Attia

Millions of Americans schedule an annual physical health examination. During their visit, many can expect to get their blood drawn for a standard lipid panel, which ultimately provides the patient with a readout of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs). What virtually nobody among them will get

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Economist womens HRT article

Managing menopause Millions of women are missing out on hormone replacement therapy This much-maligned treatment could save many lives Print edition | International Dec 12th 2019 It was a combination of things. An unusual feeling of depression. Constant forgetfulness. An irregular menstrual cycle. Lucy, a British woman in her early 40s, knew that something was

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Stevia

Q. Are there any downsides to the sweetener stevia? Is it associated with negative effects or gastrointestinal symptoms? Does it cause sugar cravings if you’ve given up sugar? A. Major health and food safety organizations generally regard stevia, a sweetener made from a plant native to South America, as safe. But some researchers warn that

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Supplement Recommendations

We use an organized, common sense approach to decipher the myriad of available and touted supplements.    Is there scientific evidence showing benefit (ie. Fish Oil, Vitamin D3, B Vitamins)? Does it make physiologic sense? Could there be any harm (ie. Folate dose, Selenium, St. John’s Wart)? Do you know the exact ingredients (ie. Herbs)? Must

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6 Benefits of [TRT] Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Men

What are the Benefits of Testosterone Replacement Therapy? Testosterone is often synonymous with masculinity. It could be said that the hormone is what makes men, “men”. The hormone is responsible for a myriad of physiological and metabolic processes, as well as giving males their characteristic facial and body hair, larger muscles and deep voices. Testosterone

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8 Common Symptoms of Low Testosterone in Males Featured Image

8 Common Symptoms of Low Testosterone in Males

Symptoms of Low T in Men Testosterone is the predominantly male hormone produced largely by the testes, affecting everything from male features and appearance to sexual drive and even energy, metabolism and mood. Although testosterone production in young males is usually well within medical ranges provided no underlying conditions or injuries exist, as we age

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Doc its been so long since I’ve exercised, how do I get back into shape?

Its a question I hear on a regular basis.  So let me outline the basic steps I usually recommend: 1)  Have a qualified trainer perform a functional movement screening.  This identifies weaknesses and maladaptive movement patterns that have developed.  2)  Work with your trainer through corrective exercise to retrain you to “move like a human.”

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